Indirect Taxes

Central Excise & Customs

Vipin Jain

  1. Waste and scrap generated from repairs and maintenance of plant and machinery is excisable

Facts

Assessee is engaged in the manufacture of white cement. During the period October 1995 to July, 1999 metal waste and scrap was generated in the workshop by cutting of metal plates, angles, channels, sheets etc., for making of parts of their plant and machinery, during the course of repairs and maintenance, and these were cut pieces/trimmings of metal arising during making of parts, which were being replaced in place of old and worn out parts, although these were not resulting directly from the process of manufacturing of fine product i.e., cement. The Commissioner confirmed the demand as these goods satisfied the definition as contained in section Note 8(a) of section XV of Central Excise Tariff. Hence, demanded duty and imposed penalty. The assessee filed an appeal before the Tribunal. The Tribunal held that the scrap did not arise out of manufacturing activity but arose during wear and tear of machine/machinery and no credit on machine/machinery was availed, no duty could be demanded. Revenue filed an appeal against the said order of the Tribunal before the Hon’ble Rajasthan High Court by framing the below mentioned question of law:

“Whether the Ld. Tribunal is right in law in dropping the demand and penalty on clearance of waste and scrap arisen out of cutting of M.S.Sheet, Plates etc., in this workshop as well as in their plant for making them of required size and specification for their own use in the factory viz. for repairs and maintenance of machines/plant “

Held

Section Note 8(a) cannot be said to be merely put in the Tariff Entry of the Central Excise Tariff. It can be interpreted to mean to be comprehending, manufacture of metal work and scrap from “mechanical working of metal and metal goods”. Hence said scrap would be liable to duty.

Further, as per the definition of manufacture under section 2(f) of the Central Excise Act, 1944 any process incidental or ancilliary to the completion of manufactured product also amounts to manufacture and also, it is not necessary that scrap should emerge in the process of manufacture of excisable goods only and in the process of manufacture of end product only.

Furthermore, by the process undertaken by the assessee the spare parts came into existence by giving welding, bending, grinding or finishing etc., a part required to be replaced comes into existence which is spare part of a plant and machinery, a distinct commodity. Hence, the scrap so generated by manufacturing process is liable to duty.

UOI vs. Grasim Industries Ltd. – 2008(229) E.L.T. 328 (Raj).

  1. Glass Filled Nylon Insulating liners (GFNIL) classifiable under Tariff 39.26 as “Other articles of Plastic”

Product capable of falling simultaneously under two entries then benefit to go to the assessee.

Facts

The Liners in question were solely bought by Railways to prevent the rails from getting displaced on account of weight of such rails. Incidentally, said liners also possessed some properties of insulation. Assessee claimed classification under chapter heading 39.26 as “Other articles of Plastic” or under chapter heading 85.46.00 as “Electrical Insulators of any material”

Held

Primarily such liners were used for preventing displacement of liners. Minimum voltage passes through these tracks for signaling purpose so that the earthing does not take place if human body comes in contact with the railway track. Such minimum voltage will not convert the liners in question into electrical insulators.

Further, the Commissioner held that it is possible that the impugned goods can be classifiable simultaneously under both the headings. In that case the benefit should go to the assessee.

Commissioner of Customs vs. Vintel Distributors P. Ltd. 2008 (229) ELT 162 (S.C).

  1. Cenvat credit on Welding Electrodes is admissible.

Facts

Assessee had availed cenvat credit on welding electrodes used for repairs and maintenance of plant & machinery during the period June 2003 to March 2004 under the head “capital goods”. Proceeding was initiated by Central Excise by issuing Sshow cause notice denying the said credit. The assessee during the proceedings alternatively claimed that the welding electrodes would be eligible for credit under “inputs”. The said notice was confirmed and also consequent appeals by the assessee before the Commissioner (Appeals) & Tribunal were rejected. Assessee then filed an appeal before the Hon’ble Rajasthan High
Court. The Hon’ble Rajasthan High Court framed the question of law as under –

“Whether welding electrodes used for repairs and maintenance of plant and machinery are eligible for cenvat credit both as capital goods as well as inputs.”

Held

The Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of CCE vs. Jawahar Mills held that Capital goods eligible for credit are either machines, machinery, plant equipment, apparatus, tools appliances which bring about any change in any substance for the manufacture of capital goods, or capital goods can be components, spare parts and accessories of the above referred goods. Further, even moulds & dies, generating sets, weigh etc. which do not bring about any change in any substance for manufacture of the final products are also eligible for credit. Hence, the definition of capital goods is to be interpreted liberally. Therefore, the only requirement is the goods should be used in the factory of manufacture. Further, the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of JK Cotton & Spinning & Weaving Mills Co. Ltd. vs. Sales Tax Officer has held that the expression “in the manufacture of final product” encompasses any process or activity integrally connected with ultimate production and without which the manufacture of ultimate production would be commercially inexpedient.

Following the ratios in the above referred Supreme Court decision the larger bench decision in the case of Jaypee Rewa Plant vs. Commissioner disallowing the credit on capital goods was overruled and consequently, welding electrodes are eligible for cenvat credit.

Hindustan Zinc Ltd. vs. UOI 2008 (228) ELT 517 (Raj).

  1. No discretion in imposing penalty under section 11AC, it has to be equal to the duty amount.

Facts

Show cause notice was issued demanding central excise duty and equal amount of penalty. The duty was confirmed, however a penalty imposed was much less than the duty demand. The Revenue went in appeal before Commissioner (Appeals) against imposition of lower amount of penalty. The Commissioner (Appeals) allowed the appeal of Revenue by imposing a higher amount of penalty but less than the duty demanded. Revenue further filed an appeal before the Tribunal against non-imposition of penalty equal to duty demanded. The Tribunal however, refused to impose penalty equal to the duty demanded. The revenue therefore filed appeal before the Hon’ble Bombay High Court. The Hon’ble Bombay High Court framed the substantial question of law as under –

“Whether, there is any discretion under section 11AC to impose penalty less than an amount equal to duty evaded.”

Held

There is no provision for the amount of penalty being less than the duty demanded except under proviso to section 11AC, which provides for penalty equal to 25%, when the assessee surrenders by paying duty and interest. However, in both the cases the penalty is fixed and there is no discretion for lower amount of penalty. The reason for such a stiff & stringent provision is that section 11AC is applicable only to those cases where the evasion of duty is intentional by fraud, collusion, willful misstatement or suppression of facts. Thus, the person who deliberately evades duty is required to pay equal amount of duty. Thus, there is no discretion in imposing penalty under section 11AC.

CCE & C vs. Godavari Manar Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. 2008 (228) ELT 172 (Bom).

  1. 5. Interest under section 11BB of Central Excise Act, 1944 is payable on expiry of 3 months from receipt of application and not three months after the order of refund

Facts

Assessee filed 8 refund claims which were rejected by the Revenue on 5-5-1998, 23-3-2000 and 29-5-1998. Assessee filed an appeal before Commissioner (Appeals), who allowed the claim for refund by its orders dated 10-2-2003 and 7-2-2003. Thereafter, the assessee filed the claim for interest from the date in which the period of three months expired from the date of receipt of application for refund under section 11B till the payment. The claim for interest was rejected by the Assistant Commissioner. The Assessee filed an appeal before the Commissioner (Appeals) who allowed the appeal. Revenue filed an appeal before the Tribunal which was rejected. Revenue filed an appeal before the Hon’ble Bombay High Court.

Held

Section 11B(1) states that an application for refund is to be made to AC/DC of Central Excise in the prescribed form along with the necessary documents. Under section 11B(2) AC/DC are required to hold inquiry and at the end of the inquiry if the authority is satisfied that whole or part of the duty is to be refunded, then an order can be made accordingly.

Section 11BB comes into operation only when an order for refund has been made under section 11B and if the duty refundable is not refunded within 3 months, interest should be paid from 3 month of the date of receipt of application. Explanation below section 11BB creates a deeming fiction that for the purpose of section 11B(2), if an order is made by an authority higher than AC/DC then the order of the higher authority would be deemed to be of AC/DC for section 11B(2) of the Act. The explanation has nothing to do with the postponement of the date from which the interest is payable under section 11BB. Hence the interest is payable from the period after expiry of 3 months from the date of receipt of application.

C.CEx vs. Ballarpur Industries Ltd. 2008(229) ELT 498 (Bom.)

  1. Redemption fine under section 125 of the Customs Act, 1962 not imposable if goods cleared without furnishing undertaking/bond

Facts

The assessee imported coloured computer monitors. The said goods were cleared without furnishing any bond or undertaking. The import of the said goods were restricted under para 2.33 of the Foreign Trade Policy and also there was a condition attached that the said goods ought not to be used for commercial purpose. A show cause notice was issued alleging that the goods were liable for confiscation as the same were imported in violation of the Foreign Trade Policy and also the value of the same was misdeclared. The notice was confirmed imposing penalty & redemption fine. The assessee filed an appeal before the Commissioner (Appeals), who reduced the penalty & set aside redemption fine. The revenue then filed an appeal before the Tribunal for setting aside Commissioner (Appeals) order. The Tribunal rejected the appeal of the Revenue. The Revenue then filed an appeal before the Punjab & Haryana High Court for imposition of redemption fine.

Held

Section 125 of the Customs Act, 1962 is applicable only in a case where the goods have been cleared subject to furnishing undertaking/bond etc. Thus, when the goods were already cleared without furnishing undertaking or bond the same cannot be confiscated and consequently no redemption fine could be imposed.

Commissioner of Customs vs. Raja Impex – 2008 (229) ELT 185 (P&H).